See koss on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "kosses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koss",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "+",
"2": "*"
},
"expansion": "koss (plural kosses or koss)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "coss"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"ref": "1888, Rudyard Kipling, 'In Flood Time', In Black and White, Folio Society, published 2005, pages 410–11:",
"text": "A full half koss from bank to bank is the stream now – you can see it under the stars – and there are ten feet of water therein.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of coss."
],
"id": "en-koss-en-noun-ZY~QVg67",
"links": [
[
"coss",
"coss#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "koss"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "non",
"3": "koss"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse koss",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kussaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kussaz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse koss, from Proto-Germanic *kussaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "koss",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossar",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koss",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossinn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kossarnir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koss",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossinn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kossana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kossi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossinum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kossunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koss",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kossanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "@@"
},
"expansion": "koss m (genitive singular koss, nominative plural kossar)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "is-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a kiss"
],
"id": "en-koss-is-noun-u~4YYF3y",
"links": [
[
"kiss",
"kiss"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "kyssa"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔsː/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔsː"
}
],
"word": "koss"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "koss",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "åssen"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of åssen"
],
"id": "en-koss-nb-adv-O1jewcTg",
"links": [
[
"åssen",
"åssen#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-standard since 1959) alternative form of åssen"
],
"raw_tags": [
"since 1959"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"word": "koss"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "kǫs"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kǫs",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse kǫs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kossa",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosser",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kossene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "koss f (definite singular kossa, indefinite plural kosser, definite plural kossene)",
"name": "nn-noun-f1"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "kòs"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of kòs"
],
"id": "en-koss-nn-noun-4hP8wi3N",
"links": [
[
"kòs",
"kos#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔsː/"
}
],
"word": "koss"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "kǫs"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kǫs",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse kǫs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kossen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosset",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koss",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kossane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kossa",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m1",
"2": "n1"
},
"expansion": "koss m or n (definite singular kossen or kosset, indefinite plural kossar or koss, definite plural kossane or kossa)",
"name": "nn-noun-multi"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a heap of ice"
],
"id": "en-koss-nn-noun-JcRwtF-R",
"links": [
[
"heap",
"heap"
],
[
"ice",
"ice"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔsː/"
}
],
"word": "koss"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "hvorsu"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hvorsu",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "hvussu"
},
"expansion": "Faroese hvussu",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse hvorsu, hversu. Cognate with Faroese hvussu. Attested by David Klim in 17th century as koes.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "adverb",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}"
},
"expansion": "koss",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "koss",
"name": "nn-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "korleis"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
7
]
],
"english": "And how was I to get to Arabia, when I knew neither German nor Arabic speech?",
"ref": "1988, Sveinung Time, Arne Garborg om seg sjølv [Arne Garborg about himself]:",
"text": "Og kóss skulde eg koma til Arabia, når eg kunde korkje tysk eller arabisk mål?",
"translation": "And how was I to get to Arabia, when I knew neither German nor Arabic speech?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
18,
22
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
],
[
27,
30
]
],
"english": "How goes it with the Æsir, how goes it with the elves?",
"ref": "1905, Ivar Mortensson-Egnund, Edda-kvæde [Edda Poems]:",
"text": "Koss er med åsom, koss er med alvom?",
"translation": "How goes it with the Æsir, how goes it with the elves?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of korleis"
],
"id": "en-koss-nn-adv-BMDMyapD",
"links": [
[
"korleis",
"korleis#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pre-2012) alternative form of korleis"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʊsː/"
}
],
"word": "koss"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "koss"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "kossur"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "kyss"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "kjøss"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "kjuss"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "kyss"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "kus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "kyss"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "kos"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kussaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kussaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *kussaz, whence also Old English coss, Old Saxon kus, kos, Old High German kus.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"10": "{{{dative}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"13": "or",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{ap}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{2}}}",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{datacc}}}",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "koss m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "koss m",
"name": "non-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kiss"
],
"id": "en-koss-non-noun-idGdY5Qa",
"links": [
[
"kiss",
"kiss"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "kyssa"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "koss"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kiss"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kis"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "kesse"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "cos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kiss"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kis"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "kesse"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "cus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kiss"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kis"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "kesse"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "kis"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kiss"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kis"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "kesse"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "kys"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kiss"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kis"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "kesse"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "kysse"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kiss"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kis"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "kesse"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "kesse"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "coss"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kiss"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kis"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "kesse"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "cos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kiss"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kis"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "kesse"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "cus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kiss"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kis"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "kesse"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "kis"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kiss"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
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"word": "kis"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "kesse"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "kys"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kiss"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kis"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "kesse"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "kysse"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kiss"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kis"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "kesse"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "kesse"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "cos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kiss"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kis"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "kesse"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "cos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kiss"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kis"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "kesse"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "cus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kiss"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kis"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "kesse"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "kis"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kiss"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kis"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "kesse"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "kys"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kiss"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kis"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "kesse"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "kysse"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kiss"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kis"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "kesse"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "kesse"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "*cus"
},
{
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "koss"
},
{
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "kos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "Kuß"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Kuss"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "kus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "Kuß"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Kuss"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "kuss"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "kus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "Kuß"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Kuss"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "kus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "Kuß"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Kuss"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "kuss"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "kuss"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "Kuß"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Kuss"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "kus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "Kuß"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Kuss"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "kuss"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "koss"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "Kuß"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Kuss"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "kus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "Kuß"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Kuss"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "kuss"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "kos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "kus"
},
{
"lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "brc",
"word": "kosi"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "kus"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "kus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "kus"
},
{
"lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "brc",
"word": "kosi"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "kus"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "kos"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "kos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "kus"
},
{
"lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "brc",
"word": "kosi"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "kus"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "kus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "kus"
},
{
"lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "brc",
"word": "kosi"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "kus"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "kos"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "kus"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*cus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "kus"
},
{
"lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "brc",
"word": "kosi"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "kus"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "kus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "kus"
},
{
"lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "brc",
"word": "kosi"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "kus"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "kos"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "kos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "kus"
},
{
"lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "brc",
"word": "kosi"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "kus"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "kus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "kus"
},
{
"lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "brc",
"word": "kosi"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "kus"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "kos"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "kus"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*cos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"raw_tags": [
"vowel influenced by verb"
],
"word": "khüss"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Kuss"
},
{
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"lang_code": "hrx",
"word": "Kuss"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Kuss"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "kus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"raw_tags": [
"vowel influenced by verb"
],
"word": "khüss"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Kuss"
},
{
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"lang_code": "hrx",
"word": "Kuss"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Kuss"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "kos"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "kus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kussaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kussaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *kussaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "koss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kossas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kossē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kossu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*koss m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/koss",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kossōn"
},
{
"word": "kussijan"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kiss"
],
"id": "en-koss-gmw-pro-noun-idGdY5Qa",
"links": [
[
"kiss",
"kiss"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "koss"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "kosses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koss",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "+",
"2": "*"
},
"expansion": "koss (plural kosses or koss)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "coss"
}
],
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms with quotations",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"ref": "1888, Rudyard Kipling, 'In Flood Time', In Black and White, Folio Society, published 2005, pages 410–11:",
"text": "A full half koss from bank to bank is the stream now – you can see it under the stars – and there are ten feet of water therein.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of coss."
],
"links": [
[
"coss",
"coss#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "koss"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "non",
"3": "koss"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse koss",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kussaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kussaz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse koss, from Proto-Germanic *kussaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "koss",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossar",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koss",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossinn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kossarnir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koss",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossinn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kossana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kossi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossinum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kossunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koss",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kossanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "@@"
},
"expansion": "koss m (genitive singular koss, nominative plural kossar)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "is-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kyssa"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Icelandic lemmas",
"Icelandic masculine nouns",
"Icelandic nouns",
"Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse",
"Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Icelandic/ɔsː",
"Rhymes:Icelandic/ɔsː/1 syllable"
],
"glosses": [
"a kiss"
],
"links": [
[
"kiss",
"kiss"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔsː/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔsː"
}
],
"word": "koss"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "koss",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "åssen"
}
],
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål adverbs",
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål lemmas",
"Norwegian Bokmål pre-1959 forms",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of åssen"
],
"links": [
[
"åssen",
"åssen#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-standard since 1959) alternative form of åssen"
],
"raw_tags": [
"since 1959"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"word": "koss"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "kǫs"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kǫs",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse kǫs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kossa",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosser",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kossene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "koss f (definite singular kossa, indefinite plural kosser, definite plural kossene)",
"name": "nn-noun-f1"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "kòs"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of kòs"
],
"links": [
[
"kòs",
"kos#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"feminine"
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],
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"ipa": "/kɔsː/"
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},
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"form": "kosset",
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"glosses": [
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[
"heap",
"heap"
],
[
"ice",
"ice"
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"2": "hvussu"
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
7
]
],
"english": "And how was I to get to Arabia, when I knew neither German nor Arabic speech?",
"ref": "1988, Sveinung Time, Arne Garborg om seg sjølv [Arne Garborg about himself]:",
"text": "Og kóss skulde eg koma til Arabia, når eg kunde korkje tysk eller arabisk mål?",
"translation": "And how was I to get to Arabia, when I knew neither German nor Arabic speech?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
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[
0,
4
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[
18,
22
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[
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3
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[
27,
30
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],
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"ref": "1905, Ivar Mortensson-Egnund, Edda-kvæde [Edda Poems]:",
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"translation": "How goes it with the Æsir, how goes it with the elves?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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],
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"2": "gem-pro",
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{
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"head": "",
"sort": "",
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{
"categories": [
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
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"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "kus"
},
{
"lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "brc",
"word": "kosi"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "kus"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "kos"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "kus"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*cos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"raw_tags": [
"vowel influenced by verb"
],
"word": "khüss"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Kuss"
},
{
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"lang_code": "hrx",
"word": "Kuss"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Kuss"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "kus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"raw_tags": [
"vowel influenced by verb"
],
"word": "khüss"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Kuss"
},
{
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"lang_code": "hrx",
"word": "Kuss"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Kuss"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "kos"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "kus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kussaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kussaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *kussaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "koss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kossas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kossē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kossu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kossum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*koss m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/koss",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"gmw-pro:Love",
"gmw-pro:Sex"
],
"glosses": [
"kiss"
],
"links": [
[
"kiss",
"kiss"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "koss"
}
Download raw JSONL data for koss meaning in All languages combined (22.2kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: pre-2012",
"path": [
"koss"
],
"section": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"subsection": "adverb",
"title": "koss",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: pre-2012",
"path": [
"koss"
],
"section": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"subsection": "adverb",
"title": "koss",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.